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استادیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
موضوع چرخش راهبردی ایالات متحدۀ آمریکا به سوی آسیا، بعد از روی کار آمدن باراک اوباما بهعنوان رئیس جمهور آمریکا و سپس تثبیت وی در قدرت، روند جدیتری به خود گرفت. اوباما تلاش داشت توجه و منابع آمریکا را بهسوی آسیا-اقیانوسیه بهطور عام و شرق آسیا بهطور خاص معطوف کند. لذا سؤال اصلی در این پژوهش این است که جایگاه مؤلفههای سیاسی و اقتصادی، نظامی و فنآورانه در راهبرد آسیا محوری ایالات متحده چیست؟ فرضیه پژوهش این است کهنقطۀ کانونی رویکرد آمریکا مبتنی بر مهار و مدیریت قدرت رو بهتزاید چین در حوزههای سیاسی، اقتصادی و امنیّتی و تأثیرگذاری بر ساختارها و نهایتا خروجیهای سیاسی، اقتصادی، امنیّتی و نهایتا فن آورانه محیط شرق آسیا است. از منظر بایستههای سیاست خارجی ایران نیز این پژوهش بر این گزاره بنیادی تأکید دارد که در ساختار جدید ایجاد شده منتج از چرخش راهبردی در عین برخورد منافع نوعی تداخل و همپوشانی منافع نیز بین بازیگران ایجاد میشود و این تداخل و همپوشانی در نحوۀ تعاملات کنشگران، از جمله جمهوری اسلامی ایران با توجه به مناسبات خاص خود با دو بازیگر دخیل در این حوزه یعنی آمریکا و چین، اهمیت دارد. این پژوهش با ابتنای بر روش توصیفی تحلیلی به دنبال تبیین و فهم علل و عوامل بنیادی(cause) و دلایلو عوامل روبنایی(reason) این چرخش راهبردی است.
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