فصلنامه سیاست خارجی

فصلنامه سیاست خارجی

سیاست مهاجرتی ایالات متحده آمریکا در دوران ترامپ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
چکیده
دوران ریاست‌جمهوری دونالد ترامپ در آمریکا (2020-2016) یکی از چالش‌برانگیزترین دوران‌ها در تاریخ ایالات متحّده و جهان شناخته می‌شود. این دوران با توجه به ویژگی‌های خاص آن، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است و دلیل اصلی آن را باید در سیاست‌های ترامپ جست‌وجو کرد. پژوهش حاضر به سیاست‌های مهاجرتی آمریکا در دوران دونالد ترامپ پرداخته و به دنبال بررسی عوامل ایجاد این سیاست‌هاست. در همین راستا، از چهارچوب افول نظم لیبرال و رشد ملّی‌گرایی، از زاویۀ پیامدهای ناشی از سیاست‌های اقتصادی نئولیبرال و سیاست‌های مداخله‌گرایانۀ نظامی جرج دبلیو بوش بهره گرفته شده است. یافته ­های تحقیق نشان­می­دهد که رشد ملّی‌گرایی از دلِ افول نظم لیبرال برخاسته و نتیجۀ آن رشد احزاب ملّی‌گرا و راست افراطی و اقبال عمومی به آن‌ها بوده است. دونالد ترامپ در چنین شرایطی و با محوریت ملّی‌گرایی سیاسی- اقتصادی و با شعارِ «اول آمریکا» به قدرت رسید و سیاست خارجی آمریکا را بر مبنای اعمال قوانین، دستورات اجرایی، و خروج و تجدیدنظر در بسیاری از توافق‌نامه‌های بین‌المللی بنا گذاشت. تمرکز این پژوهش، بر سیاست‌های مهاجرتی آمریکا در دوران ترامپ است که اصلی‌ترین ویژگی آن، رویکرد گزینشی در پذیرش مهاجران است. در مجموع، این پژوهش تبیین کرده است که افول هنجارها و نهادهای نظام بین‌المللی لیبرال سبب رشد ملّی‌گرایی سیاسی و اقتصادی شده است و این به نوبۀ خود زمینۀ محدودیت‌هایی را در سیاست مهاجرتی آمریکا در دولت ترامپ فراهم آورده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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