فصلنامه سیاست خارجی

فصلنامه سیاست خارجی

دیپلماسی انرژی چین در حوزه‌ی دریای خزر و تاثیر آن بر امنیت انرژی اروپا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد مطالعات منطقه ای آسیا مرکزی و قفقاز، دانشکده اکو، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران ایران
2 نویسنده مسئول،دانشیار سیاست‌گذاری انرژی، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف
چکیده
درنظام اقتدارگریز بین­الملل هیچ قدرت برتری وجود ندارد که بتواند قانون و نظم را در سیاست بین‌الملل اجرا کند. از این­رو، دولت­ ها برای تأمین امنیت خود باید بر توان­مندی ­های داخلی خود تکیه کنند. چین برای رشد پایدار اقتصاد خود نیاز به تأمین بی­ وقفه انرژی دارد. این کشور تلاش می­ کند تا مسیرهای واردات انرژی خود را از طریق خطوط لوله تنوع بخشد. هم­چنین پس از حمله روسیه به اوکراین در سال 2022، اروپا سعی کرده است تا مسیرهای واردات انرژی خود را از روسیه متنوع کند. منابع حوزه­ی خزر جایگزینی برای هر دو طرف است. سؤال اصلی مقاله این است که آیا روندهای همکاری در حوزه دریای خزر در بخش انرژی از نظر وابستگی متقابل به سمت چین است یا اروپا؟ در پاسخ، این فرضیه مطرح می­ شود که رشد پایدار مصرف انرژی چین و درگیری­ های کمتر در شرق دریای خزر باعث شده است تا همکاری­ های کشورهای حوزه­ی خزر در بخش انرژی با چین نسبت به اروپا بیشتر باشد. نتایج نشان می ­دهد که چین رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی و شاخص توسعه انسانی پایداری را پس از اصلاحات اقتصادی خود تجربه کرده است. هم­چنین، دیپلماسی انرژی چین در حوزه­ی خزر با سه مفهوم ابتکار کمربند و جاده، سازمان همکاری شانگهای، و همکاری متقابل با کشورهای حوزه­ی خزر تعریف می شود. به ­علاوه، درگیری های پیرامون حوزه­ی خزر در غرب ماهیتی ژئوپلیتیکی دارد اما در شرق ماهیتی داخلی دارد. بنابراین روندهای موجود در حوزه­ی خزر باعث شده است که گرایش کشورهای حوزه  خزر به سمت چین باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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