The present article aims to give a conceptual assessment and analysis of the theories on elections and electoral behavior. Based on this evaluation, the author will try to answer to the question that which of three theoretical approaches of sociology, political economics and political psychology could be applied to the electoral behavior in Islamic Republic of Iran. Due to the fact that election behavior is a time-producted, contextual and place-oriented phenomenon, the article emphasizes that it is not possible to find a universal meta-theory with the explanatory power to the causes, the way and the content of elections in all over the world and even all precincts of a single geographical unit.