The Middle East is a complex geographical zone whose developments have always influenced the whole world in the last hundred years. Apart from ideological challenges, the oil and the Arab-Israeli conflict are among the factors in the Middle East influencing global political developments. Today, the current struggle in this region is based on strategic and self-interest considerations. The present article aims to study the challenges and conflicts in the Middle East adopting Iraq as a case study. The role of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the security issues and geopolitical considerations between the regional countries will be under special focus. It will also look at the regional challenges and opportunities which could enhance Iran’s regional footing and international role.