There are five thousand ethnic groups in the world while the number of independent recognized States is about two hundred twelve. There are only few countries like Korea, Japan and Island with one ethnicity while other countries are multi-ethnic States, most of them facing domestic and foreign challenges. Globalization, deterritorialization, expansion of knowledge and decline of nation-states has in some cases contributed to revival of ethnic-oriented nationalism which is a matter of surprise in time of unification and integration.
While most of the ethnic societies fault lines are cultural, politicization of ethnicity along with the growth and development of information and communication technologies, de-territorialization and decline of borders resulted in strengthening the trend of diversity in  international system and increase in number of States in global political geography.
The present article adopting realism and believing in confrontation of trans-nationalism and nationalism, aims to analyze the trend of emergence and rise of ethnic-oriented tendencies and proliferation of States within the international system.