One of the major points in the debates and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran elites and authorities regarding the nuclear issue is the illegality of decisions and actions of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the UN Security Council on Iran’s peaceful nuclear program. The present article, focusing on principles of both public and private international law, the NPT, the IAEA Statute and the agency regulations, Jus Cogens, human rights and international humanitarian law and principles, aims to clarify the political manipulation of the IAEA and the UN Security Council by the big powers and illustrate their deviation from the professional technical and legal frameworks which are assigned and expected to comply with.