The emergence of artificial intelligence has posed a fundamental challenge to the conceptual, normative, and theoretical foundations of International Relations. This phenomenon has not only transformed policy-making tools but also redefined key concepts such as agency, social reality, knowledge, and international order. This study, with a focus on metatheory, examines the relationship between artificial intelligence and the ontological, epistemological, and methodological dimensions of International Relations theory. The main research question addresses the impact of artificial intelligence on the threefold metatheoretical dimensions (ontology, epistemology, and methodology) of International Relations. The study employs the English School, as a middle-ground and pluralist theory, to explain these transformations. By emphasizing new concepts such as hybrid entities and actors, cybernetic feedback loops at the ontological level, symbiotic epistemology, and integrated methodology, the effects of artificial intelligence on International Relations theory are analyzed. The role of diplomacy as a central institution of international order is examined in light of technological transformations, and the concept of "synergistic diplomacy"—based on deep human–machine cooperation and interaction—is introduced. The article concludes by emphasizing the necessity of metatheoretical rethinking within existing theories and the gradual evolution of the English School to address the emerging digital order.

The research method of this article is descriptive–analytical, and data has been collected through document and library study. Using conceptual analysis, the study seeks to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the metatheoretical transformations brought about by artificial intelligence.