فصلنامه سیاست خارجی

فصلنامه سیاست خارجی

گسست ژئواکونومیک جهانی و تأثیر آن بر حضور چین در افغانستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معارف اسلامی و علوم سیاسی،دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معارف اسلامی و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیاردانشکده روابط بین‌الملل وزارت امور خارجه، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/fp.2025.733383
چکیده
تحولات اخیر در نظام بین‌الملل منجر به تضعیف فرایند جهانی‌سازی و شکل‌گیری روندی نوظهور با عنوان «گسست ژئواکونومیک» شده است. گسست ژئواکونومیک دلالت بر فرآیند معکوس‌سازی یکپارچگی اقتصاد جهانی دارد که تحت تأثیر رقابت‌های ژئوپلیتیکی و ملاحظات راهبردی، جریان‌های تجارت، سرمایه و زنجیره‌های تأمین را به‌سمت بلوک‌های همسو و منطقه‌ای بازتنظیم می‌کند. مقاله حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و مبتنی بر داده‌های اسنادی و منابع کتابخانه‌ای، به این پرسش می‌پردازد که پدیده گسست ژئواکونومیک جهانی چه تأثیری بر الگوی حضور و سیاست‌گذاری اقتصادی چین در افغانستان گذاشته است؟ نتیجه‌گیری تحلیلی پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که تأثیر این فرایند بر سیاست خارجی قدرت‌های بزرگ با تمرکز آن‌ها بر امنیت زنجیره‌های تأمین، منطقه‌گرایی اقتصادی و بازتعریف منافع ژئواستراتژیک قابل ارزیابی است. بر اساس مطالعه موردی صورت گرفته، افغانستان با برخورداری از موقعیت ژئوپلیتیک و منابع معدنی غنی، جایگاه ویژه‌ای در راهبرد ژئواکونومیک چین پیدا کرده است. چین در مقایسه با دوران قبل از شکل‌گیری فرایند گسست ژئواکونومیک جهانی که تمرکز سیاست خارجی این کشور بر توسعه مناسبات اقتصادی فرامنطقه‌ای بوده، تلاش دارد در چارچوب راهبرد کمربند و راه (BRI) و با تقویت حضور اقتصادی در افغانستان، به‌طور هم‌زمان اهداف امنیتی و اقتصادی خود را در سطح منطقه‌ای دنبال کند. چین در پی کسب حد اکثر منفعت از منطقه‌گرایی نوینی است که نتیجه فرایند گسست ژئواکونومیک جهانی است. بر این اساس، الگوی سیاست خارجی این کشور در افغانستان به‌سوی منطقه‌گرایی فعال، مدیریت ریسک‌های امنیتی، افزایش نفوذ ژئواکونومیک و وارد کردن افغانستان به زنجیره‌های تأمین و خلق ارزش اقتصاد خود تغییر جهت داده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Geoeconomic Fragmentation and its Impact on China's Presence in Afghanistan

نویسندگان English

Mohammadmahdi Ehsantalab 1
Amir hesam Hashemi 2
Bahadour Aminian 3
1 Imam Sadiq University
2 Imam Sadiq University
3 Faculty of International Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
چکیده English

Recent developments in the international system have weakened the process of globalization and given rise to an emerging trend known as “Geoeconomics fragmentation.” Geoeconomics fragmentation refers to the reversal of global economic integration, in which under the influence of geopolitical rivalries and strategic considerations flows of trade, capital, and supply chains are reoriented toward aligned and regional blocs. Using a descriptive-analytical method and drawing on documentary data and library sources, the present article examines the following question: What impact has global geoeconomics fragmentation had on China’s pattern of presence and economic policymaking in Afghanistan? The study’s analytical conclusions show that the effects of this process on the foreign policies of great powers can be assessed through their increasing focus on supply chain security, economic regionalism, and the redefinition of geostrategic interests. Based on the case study, Afghanistan due to its geopolitical position and rich mineral resources has assumed a special place in China’s geoeconomics strategy. Compared to the period before the emergence of global geoeconomics fragmentation, when China’s foreign policy was centered on developing extra regional economic relations, Beijing now seeks, within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and through strengthening its economic presence in Afghanistan, to simultaneously pursue its security and economic objectives at the regional level. China aims to maximize its benefits from the new form of regionalism resulting from global geoeconomics fragmentation. Accordingly, its foreign policy pattern in Afghanistan has shifted toward active regionalism.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Geoeconomic Fragmentation
Afghanistan
China
regionalism
foreign policy
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