The presence and exert of sovereignty by Taliban in wide areas of Afghanistan, in particular Southern and Southwestern parts,is a reflectionof historical facts in the country. The failure of state-building and modernization projects from above – the first was initiated from the second half of 18^th century and the second from the beginning of 20^th century- has provided a fertile ground as well as social legitimacy for challenging the authority of the central government in Afghanistan. The US presence in Afghanistan following the presidency of Barack Obama has increasingly engaged the US in a war which based on the particular characteristics of Afghanistan and historical experience is doomed to failure. The final success of Taliban in a special form of participation in political power structure and the failure of the United Nations in implementing the aims in Afghanistan is more a product of the lack of legitimate authority and development than strength or weakness of the US or Taliban.