Central Asia has been changing concept in terms of security. This means that this region has undergone a transformation at different times and with changing political security equivalents.  Hence, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, this region has been the subject of numerous security threats and challenges. Ethnic-territorial conflicts, political instability, lack of socio-economic development, transnational threats and organized crime have been part of the most important security challenges in the Central Asian region. So that the existence of these acute security challenges and problems has brought various security problems to Central Asia and has prevented the full establishment of peace and stability in this region. Accordingly, the article's question is: what have been the reasons for the emergence of the security crisis in Central Asia After the collapse of the Soviet Union? And how can Iran protect its security environment from the crisis created in the region? The main findings of this research indicate that in Central Asia, a complex and multi-layered combination of economic factors, socio-religious structure and political factors and the legitimacy crisis has led to the formation of a security crisis. The Islamic Republic of Iran can adopt an economic-cultural approach in its relations with the countries of the region in order to strategic alignment with Central Asia and secure its security environment and emphasizes on the cultural commonalities and economic aspects and avoid conflicting issues. The method of this article is descriptive-analytical and is based on Third World Security Theory.